interview




Q: How did you get started as a writer? 


Steven Arntson (SA): When I first learned to read and write, the two seemed like the same thing—as I read other people’s stories, I wrote my own. My parents encouraged me. My mom lent me her Remington typewriter so I could produce my first six page (as-yet-unpublished) fantasy epic. I also received good encouragement from teachers and friends, and ended up studying writing when I went to college. 

Q: Where did you get the idea for THE WIKKELING

SA: I consider The Wikkeling to fall pretty squarely into the territory of the dystopian novel, representing contemporary troubles through hyperbole, so the ideas are mostly creative extensions of my own experiences. Henrietta’s school, for instance, came from my own educational life—first as a student and later as a teacher (I was a college instructor for ten years). I’ve long been frustrated with the education systems I’ve known. The degree of standardization that’s considered normal, especially grades and testing, mystifies me. I took my experience one step further, and ended up in Ms. Span’s classroom. 

Q: When writing THE WIKKELING, did you know the plot in advance or did it surprise you and evolve along the way? 

SA: It was one surprise after another, if by “surprise” you mean “a series of ill-thought blunders resulting in a nearly intractable labyrinth of confusion.” Which has been my entire experience of writing novels so far. There must be a better way to do it, but I started The Wikkeling with almost nothing—just an image of a girl finding a wounded cat in her attic. I began writing a story to lead up to that image, and the rest followed. The problem with writing this way is that the result was a total mess. The first draft took a month to complete, and revising took two years. 

Q: There are a number of fantastical creatures in THE WIKKELING, with accompanying illustrations. Were you a fan of science fiction and fantasy growing up? 

SA: I was a voracious fan, and utterly indiscriminate, consuming everything that crossed my path. Libraries and bookstores were my favorite places. I loved Edgar Rice Burroughs’ John Carter of Mars books, Madelaine L’Engle’s A Wrinkle in Time series, Piers Anthony’s Xanth novels, and many others. There’s an ineffable quality to fantastical literature that I’m drawn to. I don’t know what it is, but I still seek it out. 

Looking back on some of the books I enjoyed as a kid, though, I’m somewhat critical of them. There’s an over-reliance on “good vs evil” conflicts, stock characters, stereotypes, and unexamined chauvinisms that I don’t find useful in describing the ambiguities of the world. That’s something I appreciate about authors like Ursula K. Le Guin, M.T. Anderson, and Rebecca Stead—a real interest in empathy and complexity. Their stories embody a thoughtful perspective on the world. Also, Octavia Butler, Philip Pullman, Jonathan Stroud, Suzanne Collins, and many others. 

Q: In THE WIKKELING, everything is ruled by computers and society is under constant surveillance. Is that how you perceive the present? The future? 

SA: There’s so much about the world that confounds me, that I’m still struggling to understand. I hope The Wikkeling doesn’t make me seem like someone overconfident in his positions, though I’m sure at times I am. Regarding surveillance, I see the situation being sold, often, as “privacy versus safety” with safety in the preferred position. That’s ridiculous on the face of it, but Henrietta’s world shows this perspective embraced, with the result that safety becomes harmful—the kids are so sheltered that they’ve hardly developed their capacities. I’m in favor of safety as a general proposition, but when is enough enough? It’s not something I’m finished ruminating over. In Montaigne’s essay “On the Education of Children” he quotes Horace: “Let him live beneath the open sky/And dangerously.” It’s a beautiful quote, but kind of a terrifying idea. 

Q: From an early age we’re taught that “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it” and yet in THE WIKKELING, history takes a back seat to all things news. In fact, the school students in your story don’t even get graded on the subject. Why is that? 

SA: There’s a quote I’ve always liked from the experimental musician John Cage: “If you’re going to eat mushrooms, it’s imperative you don’t eat one that’s deadly. Whereas in music I take the position that no sounds are deadly.” Cage was a founding member of the New York Mycological Society, and he used mushrooms in cooking. If you find a new mushroom, the only way to discover if it’s edible is to eat a little of it. Then, years on down the line, a later person runs across the mushroom that you (or your friends) named “Death Cap,” and that seems like a good one to leave out of the soup—the name says it all. Not to be flip, but that’s a very straightforward illustration of the value of history! 

Henrietta’s world more or less understands that (though through a glass darkly). What the Addition doesn’t understand is the other half of Cage’s quote, that not every decision in life is like Death Cap vs. Chanterelle. That there are many ways to live a good life. Henrietta’s world is intensely judgmental, and as such it feels threatened and repulsed by diversity. So the varied voices of history are suppressed, and the varied voices of the present are censured for deviations. 

Q: Explain why you had consumerism play such a major role in THE WIKKELING, bombarding the characters day and night, like an unending infomercial. 

SA: I’m not the first to lampoon advertising, and I’m sure I won’t be the last—it’s such a huge part of our culture, it’s impossible to exclude. Dystopia in literature is often deployed as a critique of oppression, making it a good fit for examining the role of advertising in capitalism, which is quite oppressive, reinforcing bigotries, prescribing desires, and modeling behavior all for the purpose of accumulating profit. 

Advertising also promotes ignorance. Henrietta and Gary walk around with blinders on, looking only where they’re told to. My favorite moment in The Wikkeling is when the drip of blood falls on Henrietta’s textbook. Finally, something breaks through the shell, and when Henrietta sees it she knows exactly what to do. She responds with tremendous certainty. 

Q: Which character in THE WIKKELING do you identify with the most? 

SA: I identify at least a little with all the characters, and I hope they all seem human in the way they face their dilemmas. Were I forced to pick, I’d say I identify most with Henrietta’s grandfather, Al. I’m a young man compared to him, but his essential struggle is mine, too: trying to keep traction in a world that’s moving quickly, and all the while the old knees keep getting more tender. 

When email was first gaining popularity in the early 1990s, I was in college. One day I asked one of my professors if I could email him an essay I’d written and he said, “Steve, I’m roadkill on the information highway.” I feel like that sometimes, easily overwhelmed, still trying to decide if I should get a cell phone or not. 

Q: What exactly is THE WIKKELING? 

SA: I leave this question somewhat open in the book, and I hope readers aren’t let down by that. I want it to be something to think about. For me, the Wikkeling can serve as an example of an age’s animating philosophy. Henrietta is born into the middle of it all, as we’re all born into the middle of a story that started long before us. We’ve got to figure out what’s already happened so we can make a good guess what to try next. 

Just yesterday I was listening to a great old Simon and Garfunkel song, “El Condor Pasa,” which contains the line “I’d rather be a forest than a street.” I was so surprised that was in there—it’s perfect for this book. In some ways, the line is absurd. The world has room for both forests and streets, and they’re both useful. But it’s also profound, because it says something about the deep intentions that guide our actions. My opinion is the same as the speaker in the song: All other things being equal, I prefer forests to streets. In Henrietta’s world, things are decidedly the other way, and the Wikkeling’s monomania for increase is emblematic of that. 

Q: What are you working on now? Do you envision a sequel to THE WIKKELING

SA: I’m working on several things at once right now, but one is indeed a sequel to The Wikkeling. It’s called The Draageling, and I hope for it to be the second of several books I’ve imagined for Henrietta. In fact, she’s in a tough spot at the moment, and I should get back to her . . . 



THE WIKKELING by Steven Arntson · Illustrated by Daniela J. Terrazzini 
Running Press · ISBN: 978-0-7624-3903-4 · Middle-Grade Fiction 
Hardcover · $18.00 · JUNE 2011